Sahih Al-Bukhari – Volume 3 – Book 30 – P.109
1952. Narrated ‘Aishah: Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, said, “Whoever died and he ought to have observed Saum (fast)(the missed days of Ramadan) then his guardians must observe Saum (fast) on his behalf.”
Sahih Al-Bukhari – Volume 3 – Book 30 – P.110
1953. Narrated Ibn ‘Abbas: A man came to the Prophet, peace be upon him, and said, “O Allah’s Messenger! My mother died and she ought to have observed Saum (fast) one month (for her missed Ramadan). Shall I observe Saum on her behalf?” The Prophet, peace be upon him, replied in the affirmative and said, “Allah’s debts have more right to be paid .”
Sulaiman said: Al-Hakam and Salama said: We were all there when Muslim narrated this Hadith. They said: We heard Mujahid saying this on Ibn ‘Abbas’ authority, and the authority of Abi Khalid that: Al-A’mash told Abi Khalid on the authority of Al-Hakam and Muslim Al-Batin and Salama bin Kuhail who heard Sa’id bin Jubair, Ata and Mujahid that Ibn ‘Abbas said.
In another narration a woman is reported to have said, “My sister died and Yahya and Abu Mu’awiya on the authority of Al-A’mash who said on the authority of Sa’ld who said he heard Ibn ‘Abbas saying, “A woman said to the Prophet, peace be upon him, ‘My mother died…'” and Ubaidullâh bin ‘Amr on the authority of Zaid Abi Unaisa who was told by Al-Hakam who was in turn told by Sa’id who reported Ibn ‘Abbas said, “: A woman said to the Prophet, peace be upon him, ‘My mother died and she had vowed to observe Saum (fast) but she didn’t observe Saum (fast).” In another narration Ibn ‘Abbas is reported to have said, “A woman said to the Prophet, peace be upon him, ‘My mother died while she ought to have observed Saum (fast) for fifteen days.'”
Sahih Al-Bukhari – Volume 3 – Book 30 – P.111
(43) CHAPTER. When should the person observing Saum (fast) break his Saum (fast)? And Abu Sa’id Al-Khudri broke his Saum (fast) as soon as the sun’s disc set (disappeared).
1954. Narrated ‘Umar bin Al-Khattãb .O Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, said,”When night falls from this side and the day vanishes from this side and the sun sets, then the person observing Saum (fast) should break his Saum (fast)”.
1955. Narrated ‘Abdullãh bin Abi Aufa: We were in the company of the Prophet, peace be upon him, on a journey and he was observing Saum (fast), and when the sun set, he addressed somebody, “O so-and-so, get up and mix Sawiq with water for us.” He replied, “O Allah’s Messenger! (Will you wait) till it is evening?” The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for us.” He replied, “O Allah’s Messenger! (If you wait) till it is evening.” The Prophet, peace be upon him, said again, “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for us.” He replied, “It is still daytime.” The Prophet, peace be upon him, said again, “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for us.” He got down and mixed Sawiq for them. The Prophet, peace be upon him, drank it and then said, “When you see night falling from this side, the fasting person should break his Saum (fast) .”
Sahih Al-Bukhari – Volume 3 – Book 30 – P.112
(44) CHAPTER. Iftar [to break the Saum (fast)] with the available water or anything else.
1956. Narrated ‘Abdullah bin Abi Aufa: We were travelling with Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, and he was observing Saum (fast), and when the sun set, he said to (someone), “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for us.” He replied, “O Allah’s Messenger! (Will you wait) till it is evening?” The Prophet, peace be upon him,; again said, “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for us.” He replied, “O Allah’s Messenger! It is still anytime.” The Prophet, peace be upon him, said again, “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for us.” So, he got down and carried out that order. The Prophet, peace be upon him, then said, “When you see night falling from this side, the person observing Saum (fast) should break his Saum (fast)” and he beckoned with his finger towards the east.
(45) CHAPTER. To hasten the Iftãr [breaking of the fast].
1957. Narrated Sahl bin Sa’d: Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him ; said, “The people will remain on the right path as long as they hasten the Iftar [breaking of the Saum (fast)] .”
Sahih Al-Bukhari – Volume 3 – Book 30 – P.112
(46) CHAPTER. If somebody Aftara [breaks the Saum (fast)], thinking that the sun has set and then sees the sun still visible. [Should he make up for that Saum?)
1959. Narrated Abu Usma: Hisham bin ‘Urwa said on the authority of Fatima: Asma bint Abi Bakr said, “We broke our fast (Iftar) during the lifetime of the Prophet, peace be upon him, on a cloudy day and then the sun appeared.” Hishãm was asked, “Were they ordered to observe fasting in lieu of that day?” He replied, “It had to be made up for.” Ma’mar said, “I heard Hishãm saying, “I don’t know whether they observed fast in lieu of that day or not.”.
(47) CHAPTER. Saum (fasting) of boys (children etc.) And ‘Umar ; said to a drunk in the month of Ramadan, “Woe to you! (Even) our boys (children etc.) are observing Saum (fast) (and you are drunk!)” And then he gave him the legal punishment.
1960. Narrated Ar-Rubai’ bint Mu’awwidh: The Prophet, peace be upon him, sent a messenger to the village of the Anãr in the morning of the day of ‘Ashura’ (10th of Muharram) to announce: “Whoever has eaten something should not eat but complete the Saum (fast), and whoever is observing the Saum (fast) should complete it.” She further said, “Since then we used to observe Saum (fast) on that day regularly and also make our boys (children etc.) to observe fasting. We used to make toys of wool for the boys (children etc.) and if anyone of them cried for food, he was given those toys till it was the time of the Iftãr [breaking of the Saum (fast)]”.