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(15) CHAPTER. The Statement of Allah: “It is made lawful for you to have sexual relations with your wives on the night of the As-Saum (the fasts). They are Libãs [i.e., body cover or screen or Sakan (i.e., ‘you enjoy the pleasure of living with her’ — as in the Verse 7:189) — Tafsir At-Tabari], for you, and you are the same for them. Allah knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He turned to you (accepted your repentance) and forgave you. So, now have sexual relations with them and seek that which Allah has ordained for you (offspring)…” (V.2:187)
1915. Narrated Al-Bara: It was the custom among the companions of Muhammad, peace be upon him, that if any of them was observing As-Saum (fast) and the food was presented [for Iftar – breaking his Saum (fast)], but he slept before eating, he would not eat that night and the following day till sunset.
Qais bin Sirma Al-Ansari was observing Saum (fast) and came to his wife at the time of Iftar and asked her whether she had anything to eat. She replied, “No, but I would go and bring something for you.” He used to do hard work during the day, so he was overwhelmed by sleep and slept. When his wife came and saw him, she said, “Disappointment for you.” When it was midday on the following day, he fainted and the Prophet, peace be upon him, was informed about the whole matter; upon which the following Verses were revealed: “It is made lawful for you to have sexual relations with your wives on the night of As-Saum (the fasts)…”
So they were rejoiced greatly by it. And then Allah also revealed:
“…And eat and drink until the white thread (light) of dawn appears to you distinct from the black thread (darkness of night)…” (V.2:187)
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(16) CHAPTER. The Statement of Allah ” … And eat and drink until the white thread (light) of dawn appears to you distinct from the black thread (darkness of night), then complete your Saum (fast) till the nightfall…” (V.2:187) Narrated Al-Bara: The Prophet, peace be upon him, said as above.
1916. Narrated ‘Adi bin Hatim: When the following Verses were revealed: “Until the white thread appears to you distinct from the black thread, I took two (hair) strings, one black and the other white, and kept them under my pillow and went on looking at them throughout the night but could not make anything out of it. So, the next morning I went to Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, and told him the whole story. He explained to me, “That Verse means the darkness of night and the whiteness of dawn.”
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(17) CHAPTER. The statement of the Prophet, peace be upon him, : The Adhan of Bilãl should not stop you from taking Sahür (late-night meals).
1918, 1919. Narrated ‘Aishah: Bilal used to pronounce the Adhan at night, so Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, said, “Carry on taking your meals (eat and drink) till Ibn Umm Maktum pronounces the Adhan, for he does not pronounce it till it is dawn.”
(18) CHAPTER. Taking the Sahür (late night meals taken before dawn) hurriedly (shortly before dawn)
1920. Narrated SahI bin Sa’d: I used to take my Sahür (late night meals taken before dawn) meals with my family and then hurry up for presenting myself for the Fajr prayer with Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him.
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(19) CHAPTER. What is the interval between the (end of) Sahur and the Salat-ul- Fajr (early morning prayer)?
1921. Narrated Anas: Zaid bin Thãbit said, “We took the Sahur (late night meals) with the Prophet, peace be upon him. Then he stood for As-Salat (the prayer).” I asked, “What was the interval between the Sahur and the Adhan?” He replied, “The interval was sufficient to recite fifty Verses of the Qur’an.”
(29) CHAPTER. The Sahur (late night meals) is a blessing but it is not compulsory.
1923. Narrated Anas bin Mãlik: The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, “Take Sahür (late night meals) as there is a blessing in it.”
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(21) CHAPTER. If the intention of observing Saum (fast) was made in the daytime…
Umm Ad-Darda’ said: Abu Ad-Darda’ used to ask, “Do you have food?” If we answered in the negative, he would say, “Then I am observing Saum (fasting) today.” Abu Talla, Abu Hurairah, Ibn ‘Abbãs and Hudhaifa did the same.
1924. Narrated Salama bin Al-Akwa’: Once the Prophet, peace be upon him, ordered a person on the day of Ashura (the tenth of Muharram) to announce, “Whoever has eaten, should not eat any more, but observe Saum (fast), and who has not eaten should not eat, but complete his Saum (fast) (till the end of the day).”
(22) CHAPTER. If a person observing Saum (fast) gets up in the morning in the state of Janaba* [will his Saum (fast) be valid?
1925, 1926. Narrated ‘Aishah and Umm Salama: At times, Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, used to get up in the morning in the state of Janaba after having sexual relations with his wives. He would then take a bath and observe Saum (fast). Marwan said to Abdur Rahman, “I swear by Allah that you tell Abu Hurairah that [the Prophet, peace be upon him, used to be Junub (in state of Janaba) till the dawn, would then take a bath and observe Saum (fast)].”
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(23) CHAPTER. To embrace while one is observing Saum (fast).
‘Aishah said: “A person observing Saum (fast) is forbidden to have sexual intercourse.”
1927. Narrated ‘Aishah: The Prophet, peace be upon him, used to kiss and embrace (his wives) while he was observing saum (fast), and he had more power to control his desires than any of you.
Jabir bin Zaid said, “If a man gets a sexual discharge as a result of casting a look (at his wife) should complete his Saum (fast) .”
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(24) CHAPTER. What is said regarding kissing by a fasting person.
1928. Narrated Hishãm’s father: ‘Aishah said, “Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, used to kiss some of his wives while he was observing saum (fast) ,” and then she smiled.
1929. Narrated Zainab, daughter of Umm Salama that her mother said: While I was (lying) with Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, underneath a woollen sheet, I got the menstruation, and then slipped away and put on the clothes (which I used to wear) in menses. He asked, “What is the matter? Did you get your menses?” I replied in the affirmative and then entered underneath that woollen sheet. I and Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, used to take a bath from one waterpot and he used to kiss me while he was observing Saum (fast).
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(25) CHAPTER. Taking a bath by a person observing Saum (fast).
Ibn ‘Umar soaked a garment in water and then put it over himself while he was observing Saum (fasting). Ash-Sha’bi entered a bathroom while he was observing Saum. Ibn ‘Abbas said, “There is no harm in tasting the food of the pots or other meals. Al-Hasan said, “There is no harm for the person observing saum (fast) to rinse his mouth with water and to cool his body.” Ibn Mas’ud said, “At the night of your fasting day, you had better oil and comb your hair.”
Anas said, “I had a tub in which I used to sit while observing Saum (fast).” It is mentioned that the Prophet, peace be upon him, cleaned his teeth with a Siwak while observing Saum (fast), and Ibn Umar used to clean his teeth with Siwãk in the early and the late hours of the day without swallowing the resultant saliva [while observing Saum (fast)]. ‘Ala’ said, “The swallowing of saliva does not break the Saum (fast).” Ibn Sirin said, “There is no harm in cleaning the teeth with a green fresh Siwak .” He was told that it had taste. Ibn Sirin replied, “Water also has taste; yet you people rinse your mouth with it.” Anas, Al- Hasan and Ibrahim did not see any harm in smearing one’s eyes with kohl while observing Saum (fast).
1931. Narrated Abu Bakr bin ‘Abdur- Rahmãn: My father and I went to ‘Aishah and she said, “I testify that Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, at times used to get up in the morning in a state of Janaba from sexual intercourse, not from a wet dream and then he would observe Saum (fast) that day.”
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(26) CHAPTER. If a person observing Saum (fast) ate or drank forgetfully (should he observe Saum another day in lieu of that day)?
‘Ata’ said, “There is no harm if water goes in the throat and one is unable to bring it out while putting it in the nose and then blowing it out.” Al-Hasan said, “If a fly enters one’s throat (while one is observing Saum), there is no harm in it.” Al-Hasan and Mujãhid said, “If one has sexual intercourse forgetfully (with one’s wife) then no penalty will be imposed on him.”
1933. Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, “If somebody eats or drinks forgetfully then he should complete his Saum (fast), for what he has eaten or drank, has been given to him by Allah.”
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(27) CHAPTER. Dry or green Siwak for the person observing Saum (fast).
Narrated ‘Amir bin Rabi’a: I saw the Prophet, peace be upon him, cleaning his teeth with Siwak while he was observing Saum (fast) so many times as I can not count.
Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, “But for my fear that it would be hard for my followers, I would have ordered them to clean their teeth with Siwãk on every performance of ablution.” The same is narrated by Jãbir and Zaid bin Khälid from the Prophet, peace be upon him, who did not differentiate between a fasting and a non-fasting person in this respect (using Siwak). ‘Aishah said, “The Prophet, peace be upon, said, ‘It (i.e., Siwak) is a purification for the mouth and it is a way of seeking Allah’s Pleasures. “Atã’ and Qatada said, “There is no harm in swallowing the resultant saliva.”
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(28) CHAPTER. The statement of the Prophet, peace be upon him : “Whoever performs ablution should put water in his nose and then blow it out.” The Prophet, peace be upon him, did not differentiate between the fasting and non-fasting person (in this respect).
Al-Hasan said, “There is no harm for a person observing Saum (fast) (in this respect).
Al-Hasan said, “There is no harm for a person observing Saum (fast) to use snuff if it does not reach the throat, or to smear his eyes with kohl.” )
‘Ata’ said, “If a person observing Saum (fast), after rinsing his mouth with water, throws it out, then; there is no harm, unless , he swallows his saliva and what is left in his mouth. And he should not chew gum , for if ‘ he swallows his saliva, I do not say that it will break his Saum (fast), but it is prohibited, and if, during the putting of water in the nose and then blowing it out, some water enters the throat and he is unable to bring it back, there is no harm in that.”
(29) CHAPTER. Whoever has a sexual intercourse with his wife in Ramadãn, (intentionally, he has to pay expiation).
Narrated Abu Hurairah on the authority of the Prophet, peace be upon him, “Whoever did not observe Saum (fast) for one day of Ramadãn without genuine excuse or a disease, then even if he observed Saum (fast) for a complete year, it would not compensate for that day.” The same is narrated by Ibn Mas’ud.
Sa’id bin Al-Musaiyab, Ash-Sha’bi, Ibn Jubair, Ibrahim, Qatäda and Hammad said,”He should observe Saum (fast) one day in lieu of that missed day.”
1935. Narrated ‘Aishah: A man came to the Prophet, peach be upon him, and said that he had been burnt (ruined). The Prophet asked him what is the matter. He replied, “I had sexual intercourse with my wife in Ramadãn [while I was observing Saum (fast)].” Then a basket full of dates was brought to the Prophet, peace be upon him, and he asked, “Where is the burnt (ruined) man?” He replied, “I am present.” The Prophet, peace be upon him, told him to give that basket full of dates in charity (as expiation).
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(30) CHAPTER. If somebody had a sexual intercourse with his wife in Ramadãn and has got nothing, then if he is given something in charity, he should give the expiation of that sinful act.
1936. Narrated Abu Hurairah: While we were sitting with the Prophet, peace be upon him, a man came and said, “0 Allah’s Messenger! I have been ruined.” Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, asked what was the matter with him. He replied, “I had sexual intercourse with my wife while I was observing Saum (fast).” Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, asked him, “Can you afford to manumit a slave?” He replied in the negative. Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, asked him, “Can you observe Saum (fast) for two successive months?” He replied in the negative. The Prophet, peace be upon him, asked him, “Can you afford to feed sixty poor persons?” He replied in the negative. The Prophet, peace be upon him, kept silent and while we were in that state, a big basket full of dates was brought to the Prophet, peace be upon him. He asked, “Where is the questioner?” He replied, “I (am here).” The Prophet, peace be upon him, said (to him), “Take this (basket of dates) and give it in charity.” The man said, “Should I give it to a person poorer than I? By Allah; there is no family between its (i.e., Al-Madina’s) two mountains who are poorer than I ” The Prophet, peace be upon him, smiled till his premolar teeth became visible and then said, “Feed your family with it.”
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(32) CHAPTER. Cupping (letting out blood medically) and vomiting of a person observing Saum (fast).
Narrated Abu Hurairah: “If a person observing Saum (fast) vomits, that does not break his Saum (fast), for while he vomits he expels something and does not swallow anything.
” It is mentioned from Hurairah that vomiting breaks the Saum (fast), but the former narration is more authentic. Ibn ‘Abbas and ‘Ikrima said, “Observing Saum (fast) means to stop taking food in, not taking it out.” And Ibn ‘Umar used to be cupped while he was observing Saum (fast) but later on he abandoned it and began to be cupped at night. Abu Musa was cupped at night. It is narrated that Sa’d, Zaid bin Arqam and Umm Salama were cupped while observing Saum (fast). Bukair said: Umm Alqama, said: “We used to be cupped [during observing Saum (fast)] in ‘Aisha’s presence and she did not object. Al-Hasan and others narrate on the authority of the Prophet, peace be upon him, “The cupping and the cupped persons break Saum (fast) on practising this operation while Saum (fast).” ‘Aishah told me (Al-Bukhari) that ‘Abdul-A’la, narrated from Yunus from Al-Hasan as above. Somebody asked him, “Was that statement reported from the Prophet, peace be upon him?” He replied, “Yes,” and then added, “Allah knows better.”
1938. Narrated Ibn ‘Abbas: The Prophet, peace be upon him, was cupped while he was in the state of Ihram, and also while he was observing Saum (fast).
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(33) CHAPTER. To observe Saum (fast) or not to observe Saum during journeys.
1941. Narrated Ibn Abi Aüfa: We were in the company of Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, on a journey. He said to a man, “Get down and mix Sawiq (powdered roasted barley or wheat grain) with water for me.” The man said, “The sun (has not set yet) O Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him” The Prophet, peace be upon him, again said to him, “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for me.” The man again said, “O Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him! The sun”! The Prophet, peace be upon him, said to him (for the third time), “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for me.” The man dismounted and mixed Sawiq with water for him. The Prophet, peace be upon him, drank it and then beckoned with his hand (towards the east) and said, “When you see the night falling from this side, then a person observing Saum(fast) should break his Saum (fast)”.
1943. Narrated ‘Aishah: the wife of the Prophet, peace be upon him: Hamza bin ‘Amr Al Aslami asked the Prophet, peace be upon him , “Should I observe Saum (fast) while travelling?” The Prophet, peace be upon him, replied, “You may observe Saum (fast) if you wish, and you may not observe Saum (fast) if you wish.”