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(34) CHAPTER. If a person observed Saum (fast) some days of Ramadan and then went on a journey (is it permissible for him to break his Saum).
1944. Narrated Ibn ‘Abbas: Allah’s Messenger, peace be up him, set out for Makkah in Ramadan and he observed Saum (fast), and when he reached Al-Kadid, he broke his Saum (fast) and the people (with him) broke their Saum (fast) too. (Abu ‘Abdullãh said, “Al-Kadid is a land covered with water between ‘Usfan and Qudaid.”)
(35) CHAPTER.
1945. Narrated Abu Ad-Darda’: We set out with Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, on one of his journeys on a very hot day, and it was so hot that one had to put his hand over his head because of the severity of heat. None of us was observing Saum (fast) except the Prophet, peace be upon him, and Ibn Rawaha.
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(36) CHAPTER.
The saying of the Prophet, peace be upon him, to the person observing Saum (fast) who was being shaded on a very hot day, “It is not from AI-Birr (righteousness) to observe As- Saum (the fast) on a journey.”
1946. Narrated Jabir bin ‘Abdullãh: Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, was on a journey and saw a crowd of people, and a man was being shaded (by them). He asked, “What is the matter?” They said, “He (the man) is observing Saum (fast) .” The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, “It is not from Al-Birr (righteousness) to observe As-Saum (the fast) on a journey.”
(37) CHAPTER. The Companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him, did not criticize each other for observing Saum (fast) or not observing Saum (fast) (on journeys).
1947. Narrated Anas bin Mälik : We used to travel with the Prophet, Peace be upon him, and neither did the persons observing Saum (fast) criticize those who were not observing Saum (fast), nor did those who were not observing Saum (fast) criticize the ones who were observing Saum (fast).
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(39) CHAPTER. (The Statement of Allah Ta’la): “And as for those who can fast with difficulty (e.g. the aged etc.) they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day) (V.2:184)
Ibn ‘Umar and Salama bin Al-Akwa’ said that the provision of the above Verse was abrogated by the following Verse: “The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur’an.. (up to).. for having guided you, so that you may be grateful to Him.” (V.2:185).
Narrated Ibn Abi Laila: The companions of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, said that when observing Saum (fast) in Ramadan was prescribed (for the first time), they could not endure it. So, whoever fed a poor person every day (of Ramadan) did not observe Saum (fast) [although he had the power to observe Saum (fast)], and was permitted to do so. Then this order was cancelled by the Verse: “…And that you observe Saum (fast) is better for you.” (V.2:184), so they were ordered to observe Saum (fast).
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(40) CHAPTER. When to make up for the missed days of fasting of Ramadan.
Ibn ‘Abbas said, “There is no harm to observe fasting intermittently, as the Statement of Allah shows: “… The same number [of days which one did not observe Saum (fasts) must be made up] from other days…”
Sa’id bin Al-Musaiyab said: “The ten days of Saum (fasting) (as Nawafil of Dhul-Hijjah) should not be observed till the fasting in lieu of the missed days of Ramadan were completed.”
Ibrahim said: “If somebody did not observe Saum (fast) in lieu of the missed days of Ramadan till the next Ramadan came, then he should observe Saum (fast) the present Ramadan and then the missed days of the previous Ramadan.” Ibrahim did not think that that person should feed the poor (as Fidya).
Narrated Abu Hurairah indirectly on the authority of the Prophet, peace be upon him, and Ibn ‘Abbãs that he should feed the poor. But Allah does not mention the feeding of the poor but only says:: “… The same number [of days which one did not observe Saum (fasts) must be made up] from other days.
1950. Narrated ‘Aishah: Sometimes I missed some days of Ramadan, but could not observe Saum (fast) in lieu of them except in the month of Sha’ban .” Yahya, (a subnarrator) said, “She used to be busy serving the Prophet, peace be upon him.”
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(41) CHAPTER. The menstruating women should leave the Saum (fast) and As-Salat (the prayer).
Abu Az-Zinad said, “Very often the Sunna (legal ways) and the truth go against the opinions, and for the Muslims there is no way out except to follow the truth and the Sunna (legal ways) of the Prophet, peace be upon him, and an example of that is that a menstruating woman should observe Saum (fast) in lieu of her missed Saum, but she is not to offer the Salat (prayer) in lieu of her missed Salat.”
1951. Narrated Abü Sa’id: The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, “Isn’t it true that a woman does not offer Salat (prayer) and does not observe Saum (fast) on menstruating? And that is the defect (a loss) in her religion.”